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La Marquise de Pompadour by Maurice Quentin de la Tour 1750, Louvre Museum MADAME DE POMPADOUR: A queen without a crown Madame de Pompadour was arguably the most famous, high-powered mistress of King Louis XV of France. She rose from humble beginnings to become a major patron of the arts and the king’s favoured political advisor. Sue Aran and Janine Marsh explore the life of a queen without a crown. The future Madame de Pompadour, Jeanne- Antoinette Poisson was born on 29 December, 1721 in Paris to François and Madeleine La Motte Poisson. Her father was exiled for fraud, leaving her mother to raise her and her brother, Abel-François. Fortunately for the family, the local férmier général (tax collector), Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem, became Jeanne-Antoinette and Abel-François’s legal guardian, raising suspicion that he was their biological father. Jeanne-Antoinette was a precocious and uncommonly pretty child, and a fortune teller told her mother that the little girl would one day win the heart of the king, causing her to be nicknamed Reinette, “little Queen.” From then on Madame Poisson was determined that her daughter would be prepared for the heady heights of a role as a royal mistress, though it was well known that fortune tellers, of which there were many in 18 th century Paris, frequently predicted such “good fortune” to their clients. Madame Poisson took personal charge of her daughter’s education, grooming her for success and hiring tutors who taught the young girl to memorize entire plays by heart, dance, sing, paint, engrave and play the clavichord. Aged 19, Jean-Antoinette was an enchantingly beautiful, astute woman, and entered into a marriage of convenience with de Tournehem’s nephew, Charles-Guillaume Le Normant d’Étiolles. Madame d’Étiolles made the most of her talents for befriending important people including philosophers and writers, and swiftly rose through the ranks of Parisian elite. It didn’t take long for her to come to the attention of King Louis XV who was known for his enthusiastic appetite for mistresses, allegedly he had more than 100 during his lifetime, though only one at time was his “official mistress” - the favourite, a position of considerable power and influence. Madame de Pompadour’s portrait in her apartment at Versailles © Didier Saulnier, Palace of Versailles Louis XV circa 1762, Louvre Museum Collection, via Wikimedia 48 | The Good Life France The Good Life France | 49
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